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54 Comments

2011 Villain: Occupy Toronto

Nominated for: squandering a rare opportunity.

Torontoist is ending the year by naming our Heroes and Villains—the very best and very worst people, places, things, and ideas that have had an influence on the city over the past twelve months. From December 12–23, the candidates for Mightiest and Meanest—and new this year, a reader’s write-in option! From December 26–29 you’ll be able to vote for Toronto’s Superhero and Supervillain of the year, and we’ll reveal the results December 30.


Although some new movement may phoenix from the ashes of the sacred fire in St. James Park, this round of Occupy Toronto has failed. However, failure alone doesn’t qualify it for villain status. OT is a villain because while the issues it raised matter, Occupy’s ham-handed tactics and absurd overconfidence will make it tougher for next-gen protesters to gain traction with the public.

The global Occupy movement has already been parsed ad nauseum and deemed everything from catalyst for global revolution to soon-to-be-forgotten fizzle. In fact, it’s a bastard child of the internet age and Warhol’s dictum—of the idea that it’s enough to be seen, to be celebrated, to make the leap (however briefly) from Twitter and YouTube to CNN and CBC.

But it’s not enough. “Friday” made Rebecca Black famous; it did not make her talented.

Occupy was good at generating the kind of memes and catchphrases that draw clicks; if they’d invested in some photogenic kittens, bongo beats would be echoing through our parks yet. But by eschewing rational organization, and replacing leadership with crowd-sourced decision making, Occupy undermined its own foundations before the cement had even dried. The invention of the hyperlink didn’t change the human dynamic that evolved on the Serengeti plain and that has shaped human achievement ever since. Achieving goals takes more than tents and goodwill; it requires planning and a place for the buck to stop.

All the excesses observed in Occupy globally were evident in Toronto. No coherent message ever emerged from the movement, in spite of frequent, self-important updates that often verged on parody. The occupation’s dirty laundry was (figuratively) aired in public, with aboriginal and anarchist splinter groups marching off to the beat of their own drummers. And, as elsewhere, the public dialogue eventually devolved into a debate on the “who” and the “where” of the occupation rather than the “why” of it.

Granted, Canucks had a harder row to hoe than some. Unlike the original Occupy Wall Street movement, which could focus its outrage on the criminal actions of U.S. investment banks, Canadian protesters faced off against a banking system that had behaved relatively benignly during the financial crisis. And while the Occupation bete noir, income inequality, has increased in Canada, it has yet to achieve the banana republic levels seen in the U.S.

But by relying on tired sloganeering about “corporate greed” instead of promoting a path to practical change, the self-styled 99 per cent alienated what could have been their core constituency: the disenfranchised middle class, watching the world lurch from one crisis to another and wondering how to hold onto their their jobs, their homes, their identity.

Polls showed this group as generally well-disposed to the occupiers, but that sympathy never translated into retro Adidas on the pavement, let alone a Winter Palace moment. Ultimately the disgruntled bourgeoisie were unmoved by the sideshow of yurts and port-a-potties that came to symbolize the occupation.

And hence the villainy. No matter what the alt-press told you, the robber barons never broke a sweat worrying about the park-dwellers, and the media-friendly spectacle that got the Occupation attention wasn’t enough to give it credibility. And that’s an opportunity squandered, and an important message discredited with those who should be embracing it.


See also:

Occupy Toronto as Hero

Comments

  • occupier

    woah woah woah!

    totally jumping the gun here
    i saw the article for the “heros” as well
    but i dont believe weve “squandered a rare opportunity”

    patience… things are happening, the spirit is still alive, even tho the media isnt paying attantion.
    weve been set back, but once were re-established well be hard to ignore

    • Testu

      Set back to where? From where?

      The Occupy TO protest has come off as a bunch of “sound and fury, signifying nothing” and accomplishing nothing.

      The failure of the protest had nothing to do with lack of media attention or negative media attention, it was due to the complete lack of any kind of realizable goal. As far as I can tell from what I’ve read and the people I spoke to the plan was to occupy the park until the world changed. Nothing more than that, just achieve critical mass and bam! a brave new world.

      That’s why Occupy TO is on the villain list, because for the next few years every protest regardless of the message is going to be likened to the Occupy protest, and dismissed as a bunch of aimless malcontents.

      • Anonymous

        “…because for the next few years every protest regardless of the message is going to be likened to the Occupy protest, and dismissed as a bunch of aimless malcontents.”

        Except for the handful of ethnic/nationalist protests the city sees in a year (the recent Congolese protest, the Tamil protests, etc), every protest is dismissed as such. This isn’t a failure of the protesters to put forward a single coherent soundbite, it’s a failure of the media/public to comprehend the complex relationship of the issues involved, and an unwillingness to question the status quo.

        (Many, but not all, of the issues can be traced back in some way to corporate influence in government, but if you protest corporations you’ll still be dismissed – as a communist who wants to take away people’s jobs.)

        • Testu

          Have you considered that the “ethnic/nationalist” protests are comparatively successful because they have a clearly defined message or goal.

          Implying that the public are ignorant or apathetic is ridiculous, it’s the job of the group protesting to engage their interest and educate them. That’s the whole reason for protesting in the first place.

          The fact that Occupy TO largely failed to do that is evidence that the protest itself was flawed, possibly due to a lack of leadership and a consistent message. The issues are complex but if you can’t even agree on what the issues are it’s difficult to be taken seriously.

          • Anonymous

            “Implying that the public are ignorant or apathetic is ridiculous, it’s the job of the group protesting to engage their interest and educate them.”

            If the public weren’t ignorant there would be no need to educate them. The apathy is self-evident though, as the public was more concerned that the protesters “get jobs” and “go home” and leave things alone; more outraged by the state of the grass in the park and how inconvenient it was than anything else.

            “That’s the whole reason for protesting in the first place.”

            Raising awareness is only part of the purpose. The overall purpose is to compel change, one way or another.

            Those ethnic/nationalist protests were single-issue protests that only “succeeded” in the sense that their single issue could be turned into a four word soundbite by the press.

            But Occupy also has a soundbite: the rich 1% vs everyone else, the 99%.

            Where Occupy TO failed was not in having a message (they have many, and this isn’t a bad thing) or in agreeing what the issues are (there are many, and this isn’t a bad thing). I’m sure if you asked every single Tamil or Congolese protester what the issue is or what they wanted, you’d get a dozen different answers, all variations on a theme, too.

            A poor choice for a Villain nomination; they didn’t do anything wrong, just failed to hold the spotlight.

          • Testu

            The problem isn’t that they failed to hold the spotlight. Occupy TO had a solid month of nearly daily coverage from all of the major Toronto news outlets and hundreds of blogs.

            I think the Villain nomination is appropriate. Occupy TO had the media spotlight for a long time and the only discussion or awareness they managed in that time was about Occupy TO occupying St. James park.

            There’s a lot of trolling these days in comment sections and I’d be willing to believe that a lot of the “get a job, dirty hippy” comments were just to get a rise out of people. I’ve had several conversations with well read, intelligent people during the protest and the one thing that always came up was “what do they want done?”. The only message that was clear was that they were unhappy and they were going to stay in the park. “1% vs everyone else” doesn’t actually mean anything and that’s why this turned into such a waste of potential.

          • guest

            …but evaluate the quality of the coverage. The media barely even caught on until the last week. Most of the coverage revolved around the reactions of the bourgeois neighbours more than what was actually happening in the parks. Just check how many times Patrick McMurray, owner of the Oyster Bar, was quoted in reports compared to actual quotes from any protesters. Is the unhappiness in the system not the message? I don;t understand why all these people keep insisting that they have to be unhappy about one specific thing and stick to that statement. Our media does a horrendous job in covering any protest, insisting that it be generalized and over simplified until it fits into some liberal framework that allows it to be muzzled and brushed aside. This is the perfect example of the failure of our democracy, not a reason to make Occupy Toronto a villain.

          • http://www.facebook.com/people/Bryan-Cook/507835870 Bryan Cook

            (Hit like instead of respond again, oops)
            I find it odd that you consider the ethnic protests effective. The Tamil protesters pushed for an end to support for the genocidal policies of the Sri Lankan government and remove the Tamil tigers from the terrorist watch list. They achieved neither.

            The Congolese protesters protested the election which they perceived as unbalanced. The achieved nothing.

            Vietnamese, Burmese, Cambodian protests against the dictators of those countries have no effect.

          • Anonymous

            “Success” here was defined as conveying a message to the media/public.

          • guest

            again the Tamils and the Congolese were only marginally successful, much of the coverage devolved into derogatory analysis about how “they didnt understand how to participate in our democracy.” The Tamils were vilified for bringing their children and for taking the Gardiner, and the Congolese were portrayed as over zealous and violent, with much of the focus on the 3 arrests and not the message.
            If the end goal is simply conveying a message without regard for the result, than what is the point?

  • Anonymous

    Failing to be something it didn’t want to be – a slick, hierarchical PR machine with thinktank-backed focus group-approved recommendations – is hardly grounds for a Villain nomination. Being the victim (or beneficiary, in the wider sense) of more rational banking(*), and therefore losing a rallying point, is also not their fault.

    Occupy Toronto failed because it started two weeks after Occupy stopped being news, when police brutality – who wants to hear about that? – began replacing punditry and any sense of David VS Goliath being extended by the media. Our media lost interest in the issues they would raise before the occupation of our park was even a day old, already preparing Local Residents Outraged stories.

    Poor choice, Torontoist.

    * Harper shovelled money at the banks in the form of mortgage purchasing when US banks went tits up and Europe started to go pear shaped. Nobody seems to be aware of this.

    • Anonymous

      Not just mortgage purchasing from the banks but the Harper Cons bought up all the extremely risky, likely to default mortgages from our banks. Maybe not a bail out in the sense of what happened in the US but still public money was used to ensure our banks didn’t have to risk people defaulting on their loans, instead the citizens of Canada, via Harper, have assumed the risk of defaults on loans made by our banks.

      Besides considering all of their other actions and their ideology its without a doubt that if the recession had hit any later the Harper Cons would’ve undone the regulations the Libs had put in place that provided more protection for our banks than for other banks around the world. Of course the Harper Cons were only too happy to take credit for the Libs success in regulating our banks when they were opposed to those regulations from the very start.

      • Anonymous

        If the economy bounced back tomorrow, I’m sure Harper would go ahead with bank deregulations anyway, never making the connection or allowing reality to get in the way of his ideology.

  • http://www.dregstudios.com Brandt Hardin

    The Occupy Movement is NECESSARY for our citizens to expose the corruption which Big Business has infected our Government with. Every single person occupying the streets and protesting Corporations is a hero and a patriot. I was compelled to lend a hand and create some new posters for the movement which you can download for free on my artist’s blog at http://dregstudiosart.blogspot.com/2011/11/propaganda-for-occupy-movement.html

    • Anonymous

      Apparently, the Occupy Movement is NECESSARY for you to shill your blog.

  • Anonymous

    Torontoist labeling Occupy Toronto as a villain is a total failure for Torontoist. Torontoist should nominate itself for a 2011 villain for this decision alone.

  • Chichi_lopez

    Very poor choice, Torontoist. Should’ve just stuck with the Hero nomination for OccupyTO. To put Occupy in the same category as Ford and his cronies is extreme. A few setbacks and mistakes are hardly merit for a Villain badge. Our hearts are in the right place. And it isn’t over.

  • Anonymous

    People get the 1% vs 99%, and thanks to occupiers for bringing it up in the first place. They also get that the 1% is backed by the full power of the state, and they’re not quite ready or desperate enough to try and take that on. The occupiers did a brilliant job in a very short time.

    The corporate-owned media, which generally serves the 1%, has done (and continues, obviously) to do its level best to discredit and downplay the significance of the occupiers. Disappointing to see Torontoist joining that pack, but scroll down to the bottom of its pages, and it all makes a kind of sense.

    • Anonymous

      For the record, this was written by me, not by some corporate entity looking to trivialize the Occupation and frankly I’m a little offended that you’re suggesting otherwise. It’s only because Torontoist doesn’t interfere or mandate the editorial opinions of individual writers that I was able to post this; to the best of my knowledge it doesn’t reflect a widely held view among the writers and publishers there.

      • Testu

        I’ve seen this sort of accusation levelled in a number of places. Any kind of criticism of Occupy TO (or the Occupy movement in general) is seen as a conspiracy on the part of “1%ers” and mainstream media rather than legitimate criticism of a flawed protest.

        To those who believe that: There are people who think just as well as you do, but differently. Some people honestly believe that the Occupy TO protest was not a positive, effective way to bring about change. Not every dissenting opinion is bought and paid for.

        • Anonymous

          I’m not suggesting or accusing anything. Draw your own conclusions…

        • Anonymous

          The mainstream media is owned by the “1%ers”, there’s no point in denying that. If the media refuses to acknowledge what protesters actually are saying, choosing instead to question the legitimacy of their right to protest, hunt down bad apple examples to put on display as representatives, or ignore it altogether, the conspiracy starts to look more and more likely.

          Torontoist’s coverage as been better than most, though, so I don’t think it applies to Patrick “Corporate Cog” Metzger.

          • Testu

            That cartoon is perfect.

            It’s clearly direction from the top, not the 50 different signs, protesting 50 different things that’s muddling the Occupy message.

            Obviously the tone of coverage varies but I don’t remember anyone other than the Sun and maybe The National Post questioning the right to protest.

            However, their right to live on public land, contravening city bylaws as an integral part of their protest was questioned. When the Tamils marched on the Gardener and DVP no one suggested that it wasn’t against the law.

          • Anonymous

            What part of “civil disobedience” don’t you understand?

          • Testu

            I understand it perfectly, and people who are practising it should too.

            You are breaking the law, either because it’s unjust or to gain attention for your cause. Either way, you may be afforded some leeway but there is always the chance that when you go to court over it the judge will disagree with your position.

            Just because you’ve built your movement around it doesn’t make it legal or just.

          • Anonymous

            If you see 50 unrelated messages in those signs, the failure is yours.

          • Testu

            I wrote “different” not “unrelated”. The point stands, at the actual protest I saw signs protesting everything from privatization to banks (in general) to the new world order. Mostly specific to America.

            They all may be legitimate grievances but that doesn’t make a protest.

            Pick one hundred people around the city at random, ask them to write what’s pissing them off today on a sign and have them sit in St. James park for a month. That’s what Occupy TO turned into.

      • Anonymous

        “For the record, this was written by me”

        Ah, that would explain the byline.

        Well Patrick, your piece puts you somewhere to the right of Time magazine?

        • Anonymous

          Clare Booth Luce and I dated briefly in the 70′s.

          • Anonymous

            OK Patrick, but your writing comes off as smug, shallow, and uninformed about the history of protest, even the most recent history.

            “promoting a path to practical change” ? Seriously, that’s the best criticism you can come up with?

            What were you hoping for, a manifesto on how to restructure the foundations of western government and society? One or even several are probably being drafted as we post. “Stop being so goddamn greedy” is a pretty good beginning, I’d say.

            If enough people get really really pissed off and desperate — and trust me, that is coming — then you’re going to see some kind of action. It just may not be the kind you (or me) may want.

            These things can take years or even decades to evolve to that point and early days, they proceed in fits and starts. Occupy is just the very, very beginning. You won’t recognize it by the time it’s over and real change has happened, for better or worse.

            Occupy just told us we are a failure, and we can’t stay the course. Unwelcome words indeed.

          • Testu

            How is it that these thinly veiled Marxist fantasies crop up so often in discussions about the Occupy movement. While the hard working people could rise up and overthrow the oppressive 1%ers they could also write their MP and ask that they table anti lobbying legislation.

            We have a system in place for that already and it doesn’t require uprising (nonviolent or otherwise) or occupying parks. Maybe letter writing doesn’t have the appeal of lofty idealism but with enough support it can actually generate change.

            With the kind of support Occupy TO had online and in the park it seems like one or two MPs might be convinced to start something. Oddly enough I haven’t seen anything like that on the Occupy TO blog.

          • Anonymous

            Or as Giorgio put it so eloquently, “I smell pinkos”.

          • Testu

            Touche.

            It wasn’t my intent to malign Marxism or the left of the political spectrum. My point was that some people involved in the protest seem to give it a lot more credit than it has earned in terms of how revolutionary it is.

            Also, we have systems in place that do work, if you use them. With the kind of support the Occupy movement had initially a letter writing campaign could actually be effective. Likewise phoning or trying to book an appointment with your MP or someone from their office to discuss what you see as wrong with our system.

            Change takes work on everyone’s part.

  • Sue

    Perhaps not so far as “villain” but the author makes several good points – “the public dialogue eventually devolved into a debate on the “who” and the “where” of the occupation rather than the “why” of it.”
    Occupy Toronto became about lviing in a park, whether or not that was intentional, that’s what happened. And you cannot completely blame the media for that.

  • Em

    Nice job. Can’t get enough of those “they’re doing it wrong” pieces. Always impressive to hear the people who stood up and questioned the status quo criticized by those who sat and judged.

    This article is insulting and silly in every aspect. One dictum is particularly ridiculous: “the public dialogue eventually devolved into a debate on the ‘who’ and the ‘where’ of the occupation rather than the ‘why’ of it.” How is this to be considered a fault of the Occupy movement? Discussion of squatters’ rights and constitutional rights vs. city by-laws which commanded so much ink in mid-November was spurred by the mayor not by the Occupiers.

    The Occupiers did not squander an opportunity: the people who stay on their couches do. Criticism from on high, however well-intended, will not reshape the protest: getting involved can.

    • Anonymous

      It’s precisely because the occupiers did not engage the real 99% that noone got off the couch to join them. Even with union support they couldn’t muster a crowd bigger than would pass through a Burger King on a busy lunch hour – it’s ludicrous to claim to represent the 99% when a child could see that the vast majority of working people were at best befuddled and at worst annoyed by the movement . And it wasn’t the fault of the media. or any other conspiracy – we live in an age where there are a million avenues to get your message out, yet all we heard was an incoherent whine saying things are busted and somebody (else) should do something about it.
      Personally, I’m pissed off because this could have been something good and useful and genuinely inclusive, instead of an exercise is pseudo-political narcissism where anyone who doesn’t buy into the “we don’t have to have a plan” plan is automatically rejected as a corporate cog. There are many, many people who question the status quo and who work for change every day without constant grandstanding or daily self-righteous polemics against anyone engaging in critical thinking.
      I’m sorry the emperor is naked; it probably sucks to hear it, which explains the defensiveness. Good luck to you.

      • Sue

        it’s the seeming general assumption comments that it you weren’t in a yurt, you did or do nothing to protest, that you sit and judge. I’d venture to say I do as much if not more than the average person when it comes to working and fighting to make this city better.

        How many in the park have given deputations at City Hall, written letters, called councillors, met with MPs? Voted? How many have given a coherent message on something they find wrong with the system and offered a suggestion to fix it, without dismissively saying, “it’s bigger than that”.

        I’m not assuming they all did or did not, which is why I find the “those who sit and judge” comments annoying.

        • Anonymous

          “How many in the park have given deputations at City Hall, written letters, called councillors, met with MPs? Voted?”

          And how’s that working for you?

          • Sue

            fairly well actually.
            For one, they’ve been made aware of the issues I’m working on, they’ve changed policies based on such, and things are moving forward, at the glacial pace of politics of course, but moving forward. Oh, and they unanimously voted in approval to move foreward on said issue as a council.
            And you? How are your strategies and plans working out for you?

          • Sue

            and to be clear – it’s not my working alone, but a group of people with a clear message and plan working together that are making that difference.
            (not saying you are) but please don’t think I don’t believe in much of what OccupyTO was trying to do – I do beleive it it. I am questioning execution.

          • Anonymous

            Now everyone knows what to do. Thanks so much for sharing.

          • Sue

            I sense sarcasm in your tone.

            You know what kills me? I tried to explain my position, my point, hear yours and have a conversation. I made it clear I believed in much of what Occupy was trying to do, and what I do to fight the same battles and that in some cases, it’s working.

            And you decided to dismiss with snark.

            Amazing. Do you think perhaps that’s part of the failure on the part of Occupy – an unwillingness to listen to others, to have a conversation that might be outside your comfort zone, that might not completely align with how you want to do things, even when they are trying to help? That THAT might be part of the reason the 99% didn’t grow into forces behind themovement, that perhaps that’s why we’re writing in the Occupy as Villain thread right now?

            Never mind. I don’t need the bullsh**.

          • Anonymous

            It is you who wants to frame the occupy movement as a “failure”, if only because it “failed” to observe your patently dysfunctional model of political engagement. Suffice to say, I don’t concede the point.

            For the record, I am not a participant in occupy, but an observer. I think of it as an experiment, perhaps an ongoing one — and that there are important lessons to be drawn from it.

            Labelling it a “failure”, particularly by those who can only think within strictures that have been imposed or co-opted by the 1%, is irrelevant.

            The whole point of occupy is to provoke a debate, where before there was none. In that it is a resounding success. And that is why we’re writing in the Occupy as Villain thread.

          • Sue

            Gotcha.

      • guest

        so blame the apathetic not the people actually trying…

    • Anonymous

      “Criticism … will not reshape the protest: getting involved can”

      You know what? I’m tired of hearing about how it’s MY fault that I disagree with an organization that declared itself my representative, without asking me first.

      • Anonymous

        And it’s all about YOU, is it?

        • Anonymous

          Thank you for proving my point.

          • Anonymous

            Go look up “solipsism”…

          • Blwh

            Look it up yourself; with a movement claiming to be representative with the 99%, not seeking to be representative in any other way but those who participated, the movement is on pretty darn shakes grounds to assume that they represent the diversity of opinions of people who are not rich. It is pretty asinine to claim that everyone in Canada loves hockey but for reason it is okay to assume that everyone who is poor, or not rich, is just like them and they never bother to work out the particulars if this assumption, or even attempt to be representative.

            They had momentum, they squandered it. Just like those forgettable one hit wonders, with their 15 minutes just expired, they could have had something if they had some skill. This is not an experiment, we can’t withhold negative opinions of their failure and even if it was an experiment, if we can convince everyone that this was a practice run, it is an experiment that has proven itself an unsuccessful.

  • perspectiveshift

    I wonder how a global event modern history has not seen, since the civil rights revolution,has turned into a me vs you finger pointing blame slinging school yard brawl of words??? Was it not about building a bigger and wider reaching community,engaging the micro communities that make up this urban city-Creating dialogues,ideals; essentially net-working together so as to build something multi-faceted and dynamic, that would benefit the greater good of what the 99% needs in terms of sustainability for daily existence??…IT wasn’t organized, and yes there are those who had to have their 15 minutes of fame,worse yet,there are those who attack anyone questioning the “occupy Toronto” movements success…(which is a self defeating way to go about getting people together on the issues involved)….but it has gotten our city talking… and despite what some seem only to happy to assume…it has gotten us thinking, and whether you agree with the person to the left of you or to the right, that should stand for something in a city of 3 000 000+
    A wise woman once told me: “Notice when you point your finger at someones faults, look at what the other three fingers are doing…look how three more are pointing right back at you.”
    …So,Maybe instead of criticizing each others efforts we should look at ways for ourselves to do better in shaping the city into something we all want to see….
    I mean I’ve spent 14 years going to rallies,letter writing,voting,attending “sit in’s”,opening doors,helping random people when they have burdens too heavy to manage alone,organizing support groups,tenant coalitions,saying please and thank you to all people in the service industry. I also know that my letters probably see the paper shredder rather than the intended recipient. I know that more and more people are faced with life on the streets,even if they do have jobs and post secondary education…I know about first nation reserves that dont have clean water to drink,where human beings are reduced to living worse than dogs in drafty poorly insulated huts… I get it when people might feel utterly hopeless, when it comes to any real change coming to pass with the current government in charge, but tossing the blame around,is not going to cut it.
    Deriding people attempts to organize just because it wasn’t clearly defined,didn’t have a “celebrity du jour” endorsing it,isn’t going to cut it….and most of all letting it be a trend or fad instead of a life long commitment…that’s just an insult to anyone who’s always been there,and who believed in this being the start of something with a greater meaning….Call it the occupy Toronto movement,The 99%,a group of villains or of hero’s-what ever is catchy and easy to print…
    But it is a means to get people united, better in touch with their humanity,actually acting to benefit and enrich each others lives on a global scale…then call it what you want,but I’d call what ever this is… a success

  • http://twitter.com/eLKDee Liam De Souza

    amen

  • Anonymous
  • http://zautos.com/ Sal

    The problem is that we really have no moral culture. If a person with a name or with no name but a lot of money gets in trouble they live by a different set of rules. It’s now so blatant that they don’t care if we like it or not. Look at a list of pardons Look at the> L.A. County sheriff Bobby Brown Serves Nine Hours in Jail for Third DUI
    http://zautos.com/bobby-brown-serves-nine-hours-in-jail-for-third-dui/
    L.A. County sheriff’s spokesman Steve Whitmore son of the actor told the media that Brown was released early due to jail overcrowding and good behavior.