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Dispatches from Vancouver: A Canada Line for Toronto?

Stephen Johns is camping out in Vancouver and reporting back on the 2010 Winter Olympics—with a focus on how they’re transforming one of Canada’s major urban centres.
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In case we needed another reason to start planning that direct rail link between the city and the airport, here’s one: Vancouver’s is now open. And it’s absolutely exquisite.


The Canada Line—which connects the downtown core with the suburb of Richmond and Vancouver International Airport—became operational last August, and it is a perfect example of what Toronto should have. It’s efficient. It’s well-designed. It’s clean. And it doesn’t cost much to use: each ride is five dollars, or two dollars more than taking the TTC to Kipling Station and then transferring to the deplorable “Airport Rocket” (and yes, we’ve missed flights because we’ve waited so long for that bus to arrive). It wasn’t cheap—the total cost was north of two billion dollars—and it’s expected to lose money until 2025, but the Canada Line is already approaching a hundred thousand riders a day. All things considered, the project has to be considered at least a qualified success thus far.
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Vancouver’s Olympic legacy will take years to fully manifest, but the immediate effects are already visible in the shape of two massive infrastructure projects. The other one, the upgraded Sea to Sky Highway between Vancouver and Whistler, has made a once-notorious stretch of road exponentially safer. But it’s the Canada Line that stands to have the longest-lasting impact on the city and its residents, both by making the airport more readily accessible and by opening up large portions of Vancouver’s western suburbs. (It’s also worth mentioning that the Canada Line has simplified public transit between Vancouver and the Tsawwassen ferry terminal, which makes it much easier to access—among other places—Victoria.) Vancouver had been toying with the idea of building the Canada Line for years; it took a major international athletic competition to set the wheels creaking into motion.
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Sound familiar? There’s hope that the 2015 Pan-American Games might resurrect a direct rail link between downtown Toronto and Pearson International Airport, although there’s certainly no guarantee that’ll be the case. We know this is a complex issue, not just in terms of funding but also (among other things) design matters, environmental factors, and zoning concerns. But it’s gotten to the point where it makes too much sense not to happen: quite simply, it’s ludicrous that an urban area of 5.5 million people doesn’t have effective public transit to its one major airport. (In 2008, Torontoist reported on the train linking Hong Kong with its new international airport; then, as now, we argued in favour of building our own version sooner rather than later.) The Canada Line is a great example of what we should be striving to build. It might be a stretch to suggest that a rail link to Pearson is absolutely necessary for Toronto to claim “world-class city” status, but it certainly wouldn’t hurt our already impressive credentials. Just ask Vancouver.
Photos by Stephen Johns/Torontoist.

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  • tapesonthefloor

    Funding breakdown for the Canada Line:
    CAN (Fed): $450 million
    B.C (Prv): $435 million
    VAA (air): $300 million (their version of the GTAA)
    Van (Mun): $29 million
    Does anyone want to guess what the breakdown would be like for a similarly-sized Toronto-based project? I can count two levels of government who wouldn’t touch it… does anyone want to guess which ones they are?

  • http://undefined Vincent Clement

    So long as the TTC (poor customer service) or MetroLinx (broken down GO trains) aren’t running, I’m all for it.

  • Steve Munro

    What we are actually getting, as a legacy from the Paul Martin government no less, is a bunch of rehabilitated 1950s era equipment running every 15 minutes from Union to Pearson, possibly with stops connecting to the Bloor subway at Dundas West (a bit of a hike unless a direct station connection is built) and to the Eglinton line at Weston (again a bit of a hike thanks to the proposed station location).
    The infrastructure is largely being paid for by GO Transit (two extra tracks added to the Weston rail corridor). SNC-Lavalin, the private partner, will operate the line and build the spur from the rail corridor to the airport. One way fare: $22 (likely more by the time it opens).
    The Canada line has an important role in the local transit system, and serving the airport is only one of its functions, while Toronto’s Blue 22 will be a dedicated airport service.
    As a matter of comparison, the Eglinton LRT line is projected to carry 175m rides/year by 2021. That’s close to 600k/day.

  • Steve Munro

    Sorry for the error above. The 175m rides/year is obviously wrong. That’s for all of Transit City.
    The Eglinton line is projected to carry 53m per year, or about 175k/day.

  • http://undefined AdamD1

    I used to live in Vancouver, and it’s crucial to also note that there was huge, HUGE negative reaction to this project being approved. In my opinion it’s somewhat of a miracle that the project got completed given the complete lack of support it sounded like it got from the Vancouver populus. They needed that line at least 20 years ago (trying to get to that airport via anything but a car or a cab was a multi-hour affair.) I’m glad it got built.
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  • http://undefined Andrew

    Well, gee. The Eglinton line will be awesome for all those people who don’t mind a long, slow trip in from the airport, and then a subway connection to get downtown. In other words, it doesn’t bear any comparison to the Canada line.
    I’ve never understood the hate-on for Blue 22. Plenty of other cities have premium, express rail service to the airport. As a frequent flier myself, I both appreciate and seek out express rail services, as it takes the guesswork out of navigating a local transit system, especially on your first visit to a city. Even more especially in a foreign language: imagine explaining to a halting English speaker that they have to change at Eglinton and take a southbound train to go downtown.
    It’s embarrassing that Toronto doesn’t have express rail to the airport. Please stop fighting it.

  • http://paul.kishimoto.name Paul Kishimoto

    I am always baffled by the night-day distinctions that people manufacture to avoid accepting these successful precedents as evidence for action here.
    Did people say the same things in Vancouver? “We’re not like HK, so this will definitely fail…”

  • http://undefined coyoteblue

    If the Union-Pearson link was electric like the Canada Line and had some reasonable stops along the way like the Canada Line and wasn’t anticipated to cost $20 one way unlike the Canada Line, there would be next to no opposition to it. As it is the Union Pearson link is an elite service that will be of little use to most Torontonians, make lots of money to the private interest that runs it and will pollute Toronto with refurbished diesel trains to boot. The Toronto version is a throwback to the last century, a dirty compromise made to appear like progress when it’s nothing of the sort.

  • http://undefined nealj

    I’m in Vancouver right now as well and a quick correction on the cost — there’s a $5 cost to get ON at the airport, in ADDITION to the regular fare for the system — $2.50 if you’re staying within Richmond and $3.75 if you’re crossing into the next fare zone (Vancouver). $5 if you’re going all the way to Surrey.
    That said – the Canada Line is *great.* It’s fast, efficient, clean, and serves most of the city’s major areas with links to everywhere else. Toronto could totally benefit from a direct rail link.

  • http://undefined janschot

    In the States, a project like Blue 22 would likely not receive funding from the federal government – which requires that minority populations receive similar transit service. A Bay Area project recently missed receiving funding because their proposed airport link project passes through low income minority areas without serving them, as the Blue 22 project would:
    http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/17/us/17bart.html?scp=3&sq=bart&st=cse

  • http://undefined Andrew

    Elite service? If you’re going to/from the airport, you’re rich enough to spend $1000 or so on an air ticket, so why do you need a subsidized fare?

  • http://undefined rek

    Where did you get the misguided notion that only people with plane tickets go to the airport? Airport and airline employees are an obvious example of people who have to get to the airport on a nearly daily basis. Friends/family seeing off/greeting travellers is another.

  • http://paul.kishimoto.name Paul Kishimoto

    A throwback to which end of last century? If 1900, there were no airports, nor commercial air travel. If 2000, well, that’s still 30+ years newer than some of the TTC equipment we ride on.
    Progress is properly measured in relation to what is in practice. An airport link would be progress—it just happens to be not enough progress for your liking. (I think unicorns are pretty awesome, but I’m not going to stomp my feet and cry if I get a racehorse to replace my donkey.) To suggest otherwise is misdirection.

  • http://undefined Andrew

    Travelers should significantly outnumber employees, or it’s hard to see how airports could be profitable. As a frequent traveler, my personal observation is that travelers also significantly outnumber well-wishers.
    I don’t see why it’s a big deal that Blue 22 doesn’t serve every possible niche, including those that it is not intended to serve.

  • Darren

    Blue 22 is a public sector handout to private firms and is a joke. NO ONE travelling in pairs or more will pay 20 bucks each person each way TO JUST Union station when they can grab a cab for the same price to take them door to door
    Some of us were calling as far back as 2007 for the DRL to be made a priority and for it to run to Pearson in the west. If built double/decker ala Lexington it would offer both express service to the airport and serve as local transit in the city and through Weston.
    Keep thinking small Toronto. One-purpose Sheppard Stubway, one-purpose York U extension, and one-purpose Airport link. More money, and more artsy projects to go around.

  • http://undefined Darren

    The Eglinton line is primarly a crosstown route and an airport link as a secondary. It will only attract airport bound ridership from people living within walking distance of Eg in the NW of the city. Anyone else taking it would be using a milkrun and would be extremely foolish to do so.

  • http://undefined Darren

    Its elitist because its an express service (big bucks to ride) going through peoples’ neighbourhood and not serving them. People need local transit not more GO trains or Blue 22

  • http://undefined Darren

    Progress can be measure on how useful something is. Blue 22 will serve a niche market both in dollars and in geography. A mixed used local/express DRL to the airport is still the best option.
    Typical; lets aim low and acheive even lower.

  • http://paul.kishimoto.name Paul Kishimoto

    You’ve entirely missed my point.

  • http://undefined Andrew

    I guess express trains are fundamentally elitist, then?
    So here’s what we should totally do: the airport train should stop every 500 meters, and at each stop there should be a 30-minute lecture on the socioeconomic history of that spot. That would be very Toronto.

  • http://undefined coyoteblue

    Paul, The last century is the 1900s…why’s that so hard to figure out. As for expectations, the vast majority of airport links aournd the world in large cities are electric, so to have an electric link is hardly that progressive anymore. If we judge Toronto by itself, then any mention of Vancouver is beside the point.
    The point about elitism has to do with how few Torontonians will actually be able to use the link. Same goes for visitors. The link is great for business people and that’s about it. If business wants a link, then let business fund it, not the people of Toronto. Business people using it will write off the cost as a business expense, which is again something I will pay for.
    And while 500 metre stops and 30 minute lectures would be inappropriate, a stop every couple of kilometres seems entirely reasonable to me, but then the diesel stink from stopping and starting again might poison a few too many people, though not the users of the train who generally would not live anywhere near the tracks.

  • mark.

    Well then… I always lamented the fact that TO doesn’t have good, direct public transit to the airport. I have to admit that, until now, I never considered the all the complexities, especially how to install a direct line without plowing through neighbourhoods. Are there any workable ideas that provide a reasonably quick trip to the airport on a line that also serves the people who live along the line? Forgive my ignorance, but what about linking the Malton GO train stop to the airport? A dedicated lane or line along Airport Road? …Just a thought.
    Even making the link from the airport to Kipling subway station might be a good option. In my experience, it’s not that bad taking the subway then that ‘Rocket’ up to the airport – that bus has always shown up within 10-15 mins (perhaps I’ve just been lucky). What’s annoying about it is that it drops you off at ‘wrong’ end of the Terminal. The buses should be something to accommodate people’s luggage (duh!). And signage in the airport for the TTC is pretty poor … almost as though the cab drivers had something do with that!

  • Darren

    Elaborate Paul. Im not physchic

  • http://undefined Darren

    You’re giving one extreme narrow view of what local transit should be. If you want to see my views on what the Blue22 should be then see my first comment on this article. It should be both express/local. GO transit does that so why cant we with the DRL? Lets combine transit projects instead of one-purpose white elephants

  • http://undefined Darren

    You cant extend the BD line anymore as inbound rush hour traffic would chock trains well before the reached the St George and B&Y interchange, ie well before riders exited.
    Answer; new line the DRL

  • http://undefined Andrew

    How do downtowners get to the airport right now? In increasing order of expense, we have:
    - TTC, $6 cash fare (I did it a couple of times before swearing I never would again, and it doesn’t seem like many travelers of any description take TTC to the airport)
    - Airport Express, $33 round trip
    - Drive yourself, say $70-100 for a trip of reasonable length (airport parking is amazingly expensive, even if you use the far-away lots)
    - Taxi, $110 round trip including about $10 in tips (what I pay from where I live … so I’d have to triple up, not pair up, to save money compared to Blue 22)
    So Blue 22 seems to be positioning itself in the middle of this range, a bit more expensive than the Airport Express, but faster.
    (It’s worth pointing out that the Airport Express is also powered by deadly poisonous DIESEL. And so is the TTC’s Airport Rocket, along with virtually all the TTC’s other buses — at about 3 times the emissions per seat-km of a train! But irrational Diesel paranoia is a whole different discussion.)
    So when you say “few Torontonians would be able to use the link”, who do you mean exactly? Most airport users can afford the cost of getting to the airport right now, where most options are not cheap.

  • http://undefined mark.

    Sorry – I didn’t mean extending the BD line. I meant improving the connection from the airport to Kipling station. For example, locate the bus stop at the airport closer to where people are going (such as where cabs are), make the signage better to find the bus stop in the airport and explain what it is so visitors can decide if it’s a viable option for them, replace the current buses with ones that can stow luggage (maybe even ‘coaches’), increase the number of buses running so it’s almost an ‘immediate’ connection, the route should only have two stops (Kipling and the airport). On the bus that goes *to* the airport, provide information about which Terminal it’s going to first, second, etc. and state if it’s the ‘international’ or ‘domestic’ (could even put information posters about the airport in the bus), put a clock at the front inside the bus; for the bus going *from* the airport to Kipling, provide information and maps about TTC, employ a TTC person to run a ‘kiosk’ of some sort at the bus stop to explain things, sell tokens/day passes.
    I bet if people could count on this ‘Rocket’ being consistent and reliable, many would take TTC to the airport or back – and recommend it visiting friends.

  • http://undefined Darren

    You’re conveniantly doing fuzzy math and painting things with the same brush.
    The TTC airport rocket is a sweet deal for those living close to a subway west of Yonge. Anything east is just making it a milk run. For 6 bucks you cant complain if you live at say Dufferin/Bloor and take a combo subway/express bus and be there in 30 minutes
    Cabs? From where you live its 110 round trip. So you dont live anywhere west of Yonge and you probably live closer to Woodbine (like me) or further east. So then, I need to ask; how will Blue 22 attract you? Are you willing to travel to Union from the east end, pay your 6 bucks TTC (multiplied by the number of people with you) and then transfer to Blue 22??
    See what I mean? Blue 22 will attract peple travelling individually who’s starting location is the Airport and destination is the area around Union. People in pairs or more and goign anywhere other then the are around Union will opt for a cab. And lets not forget the Usland Airport that has its own niche market, single travelling people who want to get to d/t TO. So who is left riding the Blue 22?
    Build the DRL, express and local stops and you make peace with Weston, you create the best subway never built, you relieve the Y&B interchange, you free up BD just enough so that it could allow for a possible extension into Scarborough, and you’ve just created the catalyst for further densification of the core

  • http://undefined Darren

    Yeah thats true. Even I misplace that bus stop. It is hard to find.

  • http://undefined dowlingm

    I didn’t use CL from YVR as it didn’t go where I needed to go (north Burnaby) but I did hear before I went that buying a daypass at the YVR 7-11 made more sense if you were likely to make more than one trip, as opposed to paying the $5 surcharge.
    The ability to ride transit to an unlimited extent with possession of an event ticket for that day was absolute WIN.

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