July 4, 2007
Bad Buildings: Tower Up
Ladies and gentlemen, your humble critic is a little verklempt. Quite touched, were we, by the outpouring of support for our endeavour, and the flood of new Facebook friends we’ve open-armedly received since our maiden voyage on Torontoist last week. We have, it seems, touched a nerve; we're grateful to Torontoist for helping us, er, touch it.
But on with the show. All the wishes Bad Buildings received were not sunshine and roses. Oh, no. And that, frankly, is as it should be. Building is not just a physical act, but a political one as well, freighted with layers a'plenty—class, usually, pre-eminent among them.
Bad Buildings does not shy away from this talk, as motivation and use are as much a part of architecture as design. One of our commentors suggested the city—and every city—should do away with the official plan. The official plan, apparently, is why we have housing projects and slums. Okay. That's wrong. But that’s a discussion for another time.
Today, we're going to look more at one of our most common built forms which, sadly and paradoxically, is probably the one in all urbanity that is rarely done right. We're talking about the tower, that high-density albatross that seems to sprout up behind out backs every time we turn around.
Photo by hyfen.
This is good: For this city—or any other—anticipating explosive population growth, building up, not out, is key to sustainability, in the most pragmatic sense; it's also crucial to an iteration of urbanity that most of us embrace in our best hearts: A city brimming with pedestrians and street life, a city on intimate terms with itself.
So, towers: We need em. And baby, we’re gettin' 'em, from the dulcet shores of Lake Ontario up to the yuppie-in-waiting playground of Yonge and Eg, and beyond. To repeat: Towers are a good thing. But these towers? Not so much. There are a few simple reasons why. Here’s a primer.
Towers are hard. They are, in essence, stacking shelves—identical floorplates, typically with identical function, piled high on top one another. Architecturally, that’s a toughie. Doesn't leave a whole lot of space, really, for actual design.
Or so most architects think. They try goofy balconies, tacked on to the exterior, or they mix it up a little partway up, so a single building looks like two, piled on top of each other. (Montage, Cityplace, at left, we’re looking at you). They add irrelevant forms, dangling off their towers like Christmas trees (hi there, Pinnacle Centre). They take a crack at different shapes, like the cartoonish ellipse down at Panorama, or pointy spires on top, like at the forthcoming Trump Tower, Toronto edition. In the end, though, it's still a stack—just a stack junked up with all sorts of silliness meant to distract from the fact of that very matter.
It all puts Bad Buildings in the mind of Robert Venturi's still wonderfully relevant book, Learning from Las Vegas (speaking of junked up towers—hoo boy). Among Venturi's arguments—the context of which being that "vernacular" architecture (ie. tacky cheesy) was to be celebrated—was the difference between Modernism and Post-modernism, rendered thusly: A building is either a duck, or a decorated shed. Modernism was the duck—a shop selling duck decoys, shaped like a duck: simple, clear, to the point. The decorated shed pretty much sums up Post-modern architecture: Build it however you want, and gussy it up with whatever this month’s flavour might be.
That's Toronto. Which is sad and strange, really, given our most famous duck, and the lesson it teaches. We’re talking about the TD Centre, Mies's last crack. It's probably not a coincidence that the age of the Moderns coincided with the (first) age of the skyscraper. Back to Venturi: when you're stuck with a stack, you need to go duck. More specifically, necessarily utilitarian, generic forms shouldn’t be tarted up so we can pretend they're something they're not.
Basics, people: Proportion. Material. Form. You know, the stuff of good architecture. Look at the TD Centre. Cool. Elegant. Austere. It takes the inside, and turns it out. You can see the building, in its entirety, and not by coincidence, feel it, too. As a cluster, the four buildings of the TD Centre are a symphony of perfect proportion and spatial relations: Not too tall, not too squat, standing with casual elegance together in a gang of spare refinement.
There was a lovely, albeit brief period in this city when the TD Centre needed some cool buddies to hang out with, and the other banks complied. Commerce Court, by I.M. Pei? Hi, pal! First Canadian Place? Hey, buddy—nice cladding, but you gotta tighten it up a tad. Scotia Centre? Well, okay, dude, you can hang too, but what’s up with that crazy cut out and weirdo colour?
Bad Buildings can only wonder what the senior towers in town think as they glance across the skyline at the forest of green glass swoops hanging loose by the water like a bunch of delinquent teenagers, tarted up in cheap clothes, trying to out pimp one another with flash.
It’s no coincidence, maybe, that these affronts are developer projects. Remember the basics? Proportion: Developers don't care much for this. They care for max height and max profit. Material: Most of their towers are glass. Glass is, relatively speaking, cheap. Max profit. Form: See "decorated shed." Whatever baubles sell, baby.
Truth to tell, they don't all stink. Bad Buildings digs Lumiere (but not the name—good God—or the irritating website), at right. With its recessed balconies and extruded concrete structural spine, it's a tight little exercise in perfect proportion and respect for form. Alas, it's an anomaly. And that, friends, does stink.
Bad Buildings hopes we've helped you see right from wrong. More of us need to. Towers are the future, and more power to 'em. But if we don’t demand more than what we've been getting, we're in trouble. When the decorations tumble from the sheds and shatter on our streets, we all lose, don't we?


Are the builders and architects the villains? Or the planning department? Or the community? NYNY was supposed to be tall sleek towers like the Chrysler building, but the developer was forced to change the design to ugly squat stumps. Who is really to blame?
Your links for TD Centre, Commerce Court, First Canadian Place, and Scotia Centre are all wrong.
Scotia Plaza. Also, that era would include Royal Bank Plaza (1979) before Scotia Plaza (1988).
TD, again, is a HORRIBLE building for creating an urban environment.
It looks pretty, and the banking pavillion on King is kind of functional, but it has completely destroyed a entire block as part of the urban fabric. Working in TD is wonderful, Canoe is a superlative location for meetings and dates, but it only works as approached from the PATH rather than from the street. That is a BAD building.
The problems caused by planners and politicans are too many to list. NYNY is an excellent example, as the attack on the new Four Seasons and on the Sapphire Tower. The core SHOULD have very, very tall buildings. But Toronto'
s activists love to cut things down, even when it goes against their rhetoric and supposed core beliefs. his demonstrates that they are simply reactionaries and nihilists, rather than having any positive motivations.
As for planning creating slums: re-read the comment you hated. The worst problems are created by planning - you get bigger slums, worse slums, more dangerous slums. Anything government mandated is much harder to rework and to keep on track.
The best example of the pernicious influence of the municipal government is TCHC. Leftist bureaucrats keep the Toronto Police out of TCHC developments and create delicious environments for drug dealers and social decay. Many of the worst slums in Toronto are TCHC units, and they attract the worst tenants thanks to the type of people that TCHC employs and attracts as managers. The new suit by Driftwood residents against TCHC is emkblematic of these problems.
I do like how BB has no understanding of development or construction economics (typical for NIMBYites). What is TD mostly faced in? What political pressures are exerted to encourage certain looks?
It seems like BB is a simple partisan for one typical era of modernism and disdains everything but. Finding the actual arguments and critiques in this jeremiad is hard and far beneath even the abysmally low standards of Torontoist writing. Maybe when BB leaves the 8th grade there could be a fruitful discussion, rather than a contest to use the greatest number of mysognystic metaphors for buildings.
The link to Commerce Court goes to a generic generated site holder.
Sorry folks. Links fixed.
PS. We left out the Royal Bank Tower ... because we think it's ass. Peace, BB
What exactly do you mean by proportion anyway? Proportionate to the footprint of the building? To the neighbouring buildings? Is there some ideal ratio of width x depth : height that you aren't going to tell us?
A variety of exteriors (the baubles on the sheds) are necessary unless you want a monotonous grey (why knock a building for being a different colour?) landscape. Believe me, it's not exactly exciting to be surrounded by identical or nearly so buildings. Here in Seoul apartment/condo buildings go up by the dozen, all looking the same (with some variation in height and orientation according to the site), no matter if it's a Xi, Samsung, or I'Park complex. Drive through Gangnam and you'll pass even larger complexes of identical towers spanning multiple city blocks. It's like walking through a graveyard for titans. The only 'baubles' they bother changing are the roof treatments and you can't appreciate those from the ground.
Don't get me wrong though; I don't want stacks of misaligned corrugated steel boxes painted every shade of Crayola (I'm looking at you, Alsop). Allowing variety -- and so far nobody seems willing to come out and say the City should mandate the aesthetics details -- does mean we're going to get some duds now and then, but it saves us from dreariness too.
I'll take dreary over Alslop any day. What is 14 talking about the Mies not working on the ground level? It has magnificent setbacks. PATH is garbage.
TD is a windswept desert at ground level. Wellington gets huge walls along the street and there are very few draws on the other 3 streets.
It's a tower in a hard park (ok, a set of towers) and is built around entry through the PATH , by cab, or through a garage. The other towers have similar problems, but are more approachable and are more urban - fewer set backs and more life at ground level.
I spend huge amonts of time and walk around the area at all times of the day and night. TD is great to look at, great to work in, and has 2 amazing restaurants in Bymark and Canoe. But it's not a great place to walk from or to. There's no life at street level except for Debut at King & York (Duke and Bymark being 1+ story above Wellington).
Most of Wellington is a disaster, except for the eastern corners of Bay thanks to Ki and Far Niente and the southern corners of York thanks to the Toronto Club and the Condo at 33 Well. This isn't about the architecture, but about the street life and how the built environment works as part of an urban landscape.
Toronto has very few places that work as an urban landscape, thanks to the malevolent influence of planners and their continued opposition to true city life. Bloor-Yorkville is one of the few areas that works, along with main-street Rosedale and Yonge from Eg to Blythwood.
RBC is an oddity, in that it comes out to the sidewalk but offers very few entrances and has essentially no interaction with the street.
Rex, great line: "It's like walking through a graveyard for titans."
BB is not advocating a singular template for all towers. But we are suggesting that, generally, when dealing with monolithic structures, less is more. Material is important. Colour -- for sure. Wackiness? Not so much (See Philip Johnson's AT&T tower in NY for a touch of that).
Someone accused us of advocating for one era of Modernism. Not exactly true (we like brutalist iterations of it as well), but it is our favourite.
We find it hilarious that some have described cheap grass glass nonsense as 'Neo Modernist.' There's nothing Modern about them. They're neo-capitalist, which is to say just capitalist, which is again to say they're built as cheaply as possible. That glass happens to satisfy that is but a lucky little accident and a straw to grasp at when describing these things as architecture. No more.
But it's hard to take seriously criticism from someone who says TD is unapproachable from the street. Maybe if you're blindfolded. Or just dumb.
The Scotiabank tower is designed that way to create many more corner offices. Higher prestige and higher rent goes to corner offices.
Apparently, there's something special about having windows on two walls.
I don't think anyone has the right to call a Mies Van De Rohe complex as 'bad' or even 'horrible'.
We're lucky to have these structures inToronto.
No wait, let's get Alsop to design something better???
You people are lame.
Um, you are aware you are trying to compare office building style to residential condos? Apples to oranges, and not really very fair given the very different economics, engineering and programming that drive each. I'd prefer to see you compare modern office towers to TD -- oh, that's right, Toronto has almost no recent office towers because the city stopped investing in itself and let core tenants flee to Greater Atlanta, I mean, Mississauga.
Given the lack of contemporaries, let's hold a discussion of TD vs TD. Which version do you prefer, the original two-tower setup that Mies designed, or the current complex of five towers, which he never would have approved? There are certainly arguments to be made for each.
Mies is uncritiqueable? Interesting.
Look at St. Jamestown, now look at TD. What do you see in common? They are towers in parks, with very little at the sidewalk level. For most towers there's nothing at ground level except for elevator banks.
Compare that to First Canadian and BCE - they have more entrances from the sidewalk, they are right on the sidewalk rather than set back, and they have lots of activity at ground level besides elevators. All of TD's retail is below ground, only the DX and the main branch of TD have any activity at ground level - again Bymark and Duke are not at ground level.
TD is a blackhole for street life. Think back to Jane Jacobs - there are no eyes on the street, no ongoing interaction with the street. It's windswept and desolate and the set backs discourage walking. BB needs some exposure to ideas about street life rather than just dismissing critiism out of hand because a set of buildings is "pretty".
If the building isn't providing for 'street interaction at grade' then it's a gap to be filled by other means. Vendors, food carts, why not impromptu cafes with no permanent infrastructure? Cats don't always skin themselves, but it doesn't mean you can't get the skin. Eww.
Oh, and markets - night and day. What would it take to get these things going? It has to be cheaper than, you know, tearing down and starting over.